- PAUL R. MICHEL, Chief Circuit Judge
- PAUL R. MICHEL was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in March of 1988. On December 25, 2004, he assumed the duties of Chief Judge. Since his elevation in 2004 to Chief Judge, he has served as one of 27 judges comprising the Judicial Conference of the United States, the governing body of the Judicial Branch. In 2005 he was appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve on the seven-judge Executive Committee of the Judicial Conference.
Chief Judge Michel has written over 800 opinions in the diverse legal areas covered by his circuit: patent, government contracts, international trade, veterans' benefits, government takings of private property, tax, childhood vaccine injuries, military promotions, trademark, civilian government personnel, and whistleblower cases. By designation of the Chief Justice, he has also regularly sat with the Second, Third and Ninth Circuits, where he decided constitutional, criminal, administrative, securities, immigration and state law cases.
Prior to his appointment, Chief Judge Michel served in the executive and legislative branches of the government for 22 years. Following graduation from Williams College in 1963 and the University of Virginia Law School in 1966, Michel served as Assistant District Attorney and then Deputy District Attorney for Investigations under Arlen Specter in Philadelphia, where he was responsible for investigating police and public corruption. As Assistant Special Watergate Prosecutor in 1974-1975 under Leon Jaworski, he was responsible for investigating President Nixon's slush fund, Howard Hughes, Bebe Rebozo, and Nixon's secretary, Rosemary Woods. From 1975 to 1976 he was an assistant counsel for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (Church Committee), assisting Chief Counsel Frederick AO Schwarz in investigating abuses of civil liberties by U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies targeting American citizens. Michel also helped draft legislation to ensure that NSA, CIA, and IRS practices conformed to the Constitution and statutes. From 1976-1978, he served under Dick Thornburgh as Deputy Chief of the Justice Department's new Public Integrity Section, where he directed the "Koreagate" investigation. In 1978 he was appointed by Benjamin Civiletti as an Associate Deputy Attorney General, helping to supervise U.S. Attorneys, the Criminal Division, the FBI, and the Marshals Service. He was one of the authors of the legislative charter proposed in 1978 for the FBI and of revisions to Attorney General's Guidelines authorizing and constraining certain FBI investigative practices. In 1980 he briefly served as Acting Deputy Attorney General. From April 1981 until March of 1988, he served on Senator Arlen Specter's staff, including as Counsel and Chief of Staff. There, he worked on legislation dealing with career criminals, arms control, gun control, mining safety, nuclear arms summit meetings and many other subjects.
Most recently, Judge Michel conducted a mock trial on the clash between the President and Congress over the power to wage war for the American Bar Association Section on International law in 2008, was the keynote speaker at the December 5, 2008 Federal Trade Commission hearing on patent law reform, and served as a panelist for the American Constitution Society on immigration law reform in 2007. In 2006 Chief Judge Michel testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on immigration litigation problems, possible immigration case reforms, and Court of Appeals review of decisions of the Immigration Board of Appeals.
In 2008 Chief Judge Michel was awarded the first annual Lifetime Achievement Award by the Richard Linn American Inn of Court in Chicago for "Dedication to Justice for All," the Sedona Conference Lifetime Achievement Award for "Contributions to Intellectual Property Law," the first award for "Outstanding Achievement in the Area of Intellectual Property Law" of the Philadelphia Intellectual Property Law Association, and the annual Judicial Honoree Award of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia.
Chief Judge Michel was the recipient of the 1999 Jefferson Medal for "outstanding contributions … to promote the progress of Science and Useful Arts," the 2002 Katz-Kiley Prize, and the 2005 Eli Whitney Prize. In September 2001, he was made a Member of Honor of the Fédération Internationale des Conseils en Propriété Industrielle (FICPI), the worldwide organization of patent attorneys in private practice. He has addressed FICPI World Congresses and Forums annually for over a decade. Since 2003, he has annually been named by Managing Intellectual Property magazine as one of the 50 Most Influential People in the world in intellectual property. In March 2007, Chief Judge Michel was awarded the New York Intellectual Property Law Association's Fifth Annual Outstanding Public Service Award for "unwavering commitment to the administration of justice."
Judge Michel has taught courses in appellate practice and procedure and in patent enforcement at George Washington University's National Law Center, and appellate advocacy at John Marshall Law School, which awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree in June 2001. He served on advisory boards for George Washington University's National Law Center and the University of Maryland Law School, and has spoken at conferences or seminars at Harvard, Yale, Stanford, UC Berkley, the University of Chicago, DePaul, University of Washington, Texas, USC, Howard, Northwestern, Loyola (Chicago), Georgetown, Fordham, Case Western, Houston, Lewis & Clark, Franklin Pierce, NYU, U VA, and Chicago Kent law schools. He has also taught seminars for the Max Planck Institute in Munich, Germany and for the Australian Law Association in Canberra.
Chief Judge Michel was a founding member of the George Washington Inn of Court, and a founder, and, in 2003 president, of the Edward Coke Appellate Inn of Court.
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- DANIEL M. FRIEDMAN, Senior Circuit Judge
- DANIEL M. FRIEDMAN was nominated by President Jimmy Carter as Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Claims on March 22, 1978, was confirmed by the Senate on May 17, 1978, and assumed duties on May 24, 1978.
On October 1, 1982, Judge Friedman continued in office as judge of the United States Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit, where he assumed senior status in 1989. In 1977, Judge Friedman served as Acting
Solicitor General, United States Department of Justice. He also served in the Appellate Section, Antitrust
Division of the Department of Justice from 1951 to 1959, and in the Solicitor General's Office from 1959 to 1978,
where he was second and first assistant to the Solicitor General. Judge Friedman served in the United
States Army from 1942 to 1946, and was on the legal staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission in
1942 and from 1946 to 1951. Judge Friedman is a graduate of Columbia College and received his LL.B.
from Columbia Law School in 1940.
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- PAULINE NEWMAN, Circuit Judge
- PAULINE NEWMAN was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1984. From 1982 to 1984,
Judge Newman was Special Adviser to the United States Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference
on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. She served
on the advisory committee to the Domestic Policy Review of Industrial Innovation from 1978
to 1979 and on the State Department Advisory Committee on International Intellectual Property
from 1974 to 1984. From 1969 to 1984, Judge Newman served as director, Patent, Trademark
and Licensing Department, FMC Corp. From 1961 to 1962 she worked for the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a science policy specialist in the
Department of Natural Resources. She served as patent attorney and house counsel of FMC Corp.
from 1954 to 1969 and as research scientist, American Cyanamid Co. from 1951 to 1954.
Judge Newman received a B.A. from Vassar College in 1947, an M.A. from Columbia University
in 1948, a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1952 and an LL.B. from New York University School
of Law in 1958.
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- GLENN L. ARCHER, JR., Senior Circuit Judge
- GLENN L. ARCHER, JR. was nominated by President Ronald Reagan and assumed duties as
Circuit Judge on December 23, 1985. He became Chief Judge on March 18, 1994, and served
in that capacity until December 24, 1997. He assumed senior status on December 25, 1997.
Judge Archer served as Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, United States Department
of Justice from 1982 to 1984. Prior to that appointment, he was an associate in the
Washington, DC law firm of Hamel, Park, McCabe and Saunders from 1956 to1960 and a
partner from 1960 to 1981. Judge Archer served as First Lieutenant in the Judge
Advocate General's Office, United States Air Force from 1954 to 1956. He received
a B.A. from Yale University in 1952 and a J.D., with honors, from George Washington
University Law School in 1954.
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- HALDANE ROBERT MAYER, Circuit Judge
- HALDANE ROBERT MAYER was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1987,
and served as Chief Judge from 1997 to 2004. Judge Mayer served on the United
States Claims Court from 1982 until his appointment to the Federal Circuit. He
was an adjunct professor at George Washington University National Law Center and the
University of Virginia School of Law. He served as Deputy and Acting Special Counsel,
and was in private practice in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1970s, and in
Washington, DC, in the early 1980s. Judge Mayer served as Special Assistant to
the Chief Justice of the United States, Warren E. Burger, for three years, and
as Law Clerk to the Honorable John D. Butzner, Jr., United States Court of
Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Judge Mayer served in the Army from 1963
to 1975, in the Infantry and the Judge Advocate General's Corps. He was
awarded the Bronze Star, Meritorious Service, and Army Commendation Medals,
the Combat Infantryman Badge, Parachutist Badge, Ranger Tab, and Ranger
Combat Badge. He retired as Lieutenant Colonel. Judge Mayer received
a B.S. from the United States Military Academy, and a J.D. from The
College of William and Mary, where he was editor-in-chief of
the William and Mary Law Review.
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- S. JAY PLAGER, Senior Circuit Judge
- S. JAY PLAGER was appointed Circuit Judge by President George H. W. Bush in 1989,
and assumed the status of Senior Circuit Judge in 2000. Prior to his appointment,
Judge Plager served in the Executive Office of the President from 1987 to 1989,
as Associate Director of OMB and as Administrator, OIRA. He served as Counselor
to the Under Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services from 1986 to
1987. Judge Plager was Dean and Professor, Indiana University School of
Law from 1977 to 1984. He was Professor, Faculty of Law, University of
Illinois from 1964 to 1977, and from 1958 to 1964 was Professor, Faculty of
Law, University of Florida. Judge Plager was Visiting Scholar, Stanford
University Law School from 1984 to 1985, Visiting Fellow, Trinity College,
and Visiting Professor, Cambridge University in 1980, and Visiting
Research Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin from 1967 to 1968.
Judge Plager served on active duty in the United States Navy during
the Korean Conflict. Judge Plager, in 1952, received an A.B.
degree from the University of North Carolina, a J.D. in 1958
from the University of Florida, with high honors, where he was
editor-in-chief of the Florida Law Review, and in 1961 an LL.M.
from Columbia University.
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- ALAN D. LOURIE, Circuit Judge
- ALAN D. LOURIE was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on April 6, 1990, by President George H. W. Bush. He was formerly Vice President, Corporate Patents and Trademarks, and Associate General Counsel of SmithKline Beecham Corporation.
- Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 13, 1935, Judge Lourie received his Bachelor's degree from Harvard University (1956), his Master's degree in organic chemistry from the University of Wisconsin (1958), and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania (1965). He received his J.D. degree from Temple University in 1970. Judge Lourie is a recipient of the Jefferson Medal of the New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Association for extraordinary contributions to the field of intellectual property law and a recipient of the Intellectual Property Owners Education Foundation Distinguished Intellectual Property Professional Award for extraordinary leadership in the intellectual property community and a lifetime commitment to invention and innovation. He was a member of the Judicial Conference Committee on Financial Disclosure from 1990 to 1998 and is now a member of the Committee on Codes of Conduct. He is a member of the American Intellectual Property Law Association, the American Chemical Society, the Cosmos Club, and the Harvard Club of Washington.
- Before being appointed to the court, he had been President of the Philadelphia Patent Law Association, a member of the Board of Directors of the American Intellectual Property Law Association (formerly American Patent Law Association), treasurer of the Association of Corporate Patent Counsel, and a member of the board of directors of the Intellectual Property Owners Association. He was also Vice Chairman of the Industry Functional Advisory Committee on Intellectual Property Rights for Trade Policy Matters (IFAC 3) for the Department of Commerce and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and treasurer of the Association of Corporate Patent Counsel. He was a member of the U.S. delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, held in Geneva in October and November 1982, and in March 1984. He was chairman of the Patent Committee of the Law Section of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association from 1980 to 1985.
- Judge Lourie is married and has two daughters and four grandchildren.
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- RAYMOND C. CLEVENGER, III, Senior Circuit Judge
- RAYMOND C. CLEVENGER, III was appointed by President
George H. W. Bush in 1990. Judge Clevenger received a B.A.
from Yale University in 1959. As a Carnegie Teaching Fellow,
he taught European History at Yale College in the 1959-1960
academic year. From 1960 to 1963, he was employed by the
Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in New York City.
He received an LL.B. from Yale University in 1966.
Judge Clevenger served as a law clerk to Mr.
Justice White in October Term 1966.
Judge Clevenger joined Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in 1967,
serving as a partner in the firm from 1974 until
his appointment to the bench. Judge Clevenger
assumed senior status on February 1, 2006.
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- RANDALL R. RADER, Circuit Judge
- RANDALL R. RADER was appointed to the United States
Claims Court by President George H. W. Bush in 1989
and served on that court until his appointment to
the Federal Circuit in 1990. Prior to his appointment,
Judge Rader served as Minority Chief Counsel,
Staff Director, Senate Committee on the Judiciary,
Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights
from 1987 to 1988. He also served as General Counsel
and Chief of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary's
Subcommittee on the Constitution from 1981 to 1986,
and as Counsel in the House of Representatives from
1975 to 1980. Judge Rader taught Patent Law at
the University of Virginia School of Law and at
the George Washington University National Law Center,
and Comparative Patent Law at Georgetown University Law Center.
Judge Rader is the author of a casebook entitled
Patent Law, published by West Publishing in 1998.
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- ALVIN A. SCHALL, Circuit Judge
- ALVIN A. SCHALL was appointed by President George H. W. Bush in 1992.
Prior to his appointment, Judge Schall served as Assistant to the Attorney
General of the United States from 1988 to 1992. He was a
member of the Washington, DC law firm of Perlman and Partners
from 1987 to 1988. He served as Trial Attorney and Senior
Trial Counsel, Civil Division, United States Department
of Justice, from 1978 to 1987. Judge Schall was an
Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the
United States Attorney for the Eastern District
of New York, from 1973 to 1978, and served as
Chief of the Appeals Division from 1977 to 1978.
From 1969 to 1973, Judge Schall was in private
practice with the New York City law firm of
Shearman & Sterling. Judge Schall received
a B.A. degree from Princeton University
in 1966 and a J.D. degree from Tulane Law School in 1969.
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- WILLIAM C. BRYSON, Circuit Judge
- WILLIAM C. BRYSON was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 1994.
Prior to his appointment, Judge Bryson was with the United States Department of
Justice from 1978 to 1994. During that period, he served as an Assistant to
the Solicitor General [1978-79], Chief of the Appellate Section of the Criminal
Division [1979-83], Counsel to the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section
[1983-86], Deputy Solicitor General [1986-94], Acting Solicitor General
[1989 and 1993], and Acting Associate Attorney General [1994]. He was
an Associate at the Washington, DC law firm of Miller, Cassidy, Larroca
and Lewin from 1975 to 1978. Judge Bryson served as Law Clerk to the
Honorable Henry J. Friendly, United States Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit from 1973 to 1974, and as Law Clerk to the Honorable Thurgood
Marshall, Supreme Court of the United States, from 1974 to 1975.
Judge Bryson received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1969 and a
J.D. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1973.
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- ARTHUR J. GAJARSA, Circuit Judge
- ARTHUR J. GAJARSA was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 1997.
Prior to his appointment, Judge Gajarsa was a partner in the Washington,
DC law firm of Joseph, Gajarsa, McDermott and Reiner, P.C. from 1987 to 1997.
Since 2003, Judge Gajarsa has been an Adjunct
Professor at the Georgetown University Law Center.
From 1980 to 1987, he was a Partner in the law firm
of Wender, Murase and White. From 1978 to 1980 he
was a Partner in the law firm of Gajarsa, Liss, and
Conroy and from 1971 to 1972 he was an Associate
with Duncan and Brown. Judge Gajarsa served as
Special Counsel and Assistant to the Commissioner
of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Indian Affairs,
Department of Interior from 1969 to 1971.
He was an attorney with the Office of General
Counsel, Aetna Life and Casualty Co. from 1968 to 1969.
Judge Gajarsa served as Law Clerk to Honorable
Joseph McGarraghy, United States District
Court for the District of Columbia from 1967 to 1968.
Judge Gajarsa received a B.S.E.E. from Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in 1962, an M.A. from Catholic
University of America in 1968, and a J.D. from
Georgetown University Law Center in 1967.
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- RICHARD LINN, Circuit Judge
- RICHARD LINN was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 1999.
Prior to his appointment, Judge Linn was a Partner and Practice Group
Leader at the Washington, DC law firm of Foley and Lardner from 1997 to
1999. He was a Partner and head of the intellectual property department
at Marks and Murase, L.L.P. from 1977 to 1997. Judge Linn served as
Patent Advisor, United States Naval Air Systems Command from 1971 to
1972, was a Patent Agent at the United States Naval Research Laboratory
from 1968 to 1969, and served as a Patent Examiner at the United States
Patent Office from 1965 to 1968. He was a member of the founding Board
of Governors of the Virginia Bar Section on Patent, Trademark, and
Copyright Law and served as Chairman in 1975. In 2000, Judge Linn
received the Rensselaer Alumni Association Fellows Award. He was
honored in 2006 for dedication, service, and devotion to justice
by the Austin Intellectual Property Law Association. Judge Linn
was awarded the 2009 New York Intellectual Property Law Association
Leadership Award. He also received the 2009 Jefferson Medal from
the New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Association "in recognition
of meritorious and outstanding contributions in support of the
Constitution of the United States of America and furtherance of
a fundamental principle thereof-'to promote the progress of Science
and useful Arts'". He served as an Adjunct Professor and
Professional Lecturer in Law at George Washington University
Law School from 2001 to 2003, and currently serves on the Law
School's Intellectual Property Advisory Board. Judge Linn is
a past president of the Giles Sutherland Rich American Inn of
Court, is a member of the Richard Linn American Inn of Court,
and is a visiting member of the William C. Conner American Inn
of Court. He received a B.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute in 1965, and a J.D. from Georgetown University Law
Center in 1969.
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- TIMOTHY B. DYK, Circuit Judge
- TIMOTHY B. DYK was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 2000.
Prior to his appointment, Judge Dyk was Partner and Chair,
Issues and Appeals Practice Area, at Jones, Day, Reavis
and Pogue from 1990 to 2000. He was Adjunct
Professor at Yale Law School from 1986 to 1987
and 1989, at the University of Virginia Law
School in 1984 and 1985, and from 1987 to 1988,
and at the Georgetown University Law Center
in 1983, 1986, 1989 and 1991. Judge Dyk was
Associate and Partner, Wilmer Cutler and
Pickering from 1964 to 1990.
From 1963 to 1964, Judge Dyk
served as Special Assistant
to Assistant Attorney General
Louis F. Oberdorfer. He also
served as Law Clerk to Chief
Justice Warren from 1962 to 1963, and to Justices Reed
and Burton (retired) from 1961 to 1962.
Judge Dyk received an A.B. from
Harvard College in 1958 and an LL.B. from
Harvard Law School in 1961. He
was First President of the Edward Coke
Appellate Inn of Court from 2000 to 2002
and President of the Giles Sutherland Rich
Inn of Court from 2006 to 2007.
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- SHARON PROST, Circuit Judge
- SHARON PROST was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001.
Prior to her appointment, Judge Prost served as Minority
Chief Counsel, Deputy Chief Counsel, and Chief Counsel of the
Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate from 1993 to 2001.
She also served as Chief Labor Counsel (Minority), Senate Committee
on Labor and Human Resources from 1989 to 1993. She was Assistant
Solicitor, Associate Solicitor, and Acting Solicitor of the National
Labor Relations Board from 1984 to 1989. She was an Attorney at the
Internal Revenue Service from 1983 to 1984, and Field Attorney at the
Federal Labor Relations Authority from 1980 to 1983. Judge Prost also
served as Labor Relations Specialist/Auditor at the United States General
Accounting Office from 1976 to 1980 and Labor Relations Specialist at the
United States Civil Service Commission from 1973 to 1976.
Judge Prost received a B.S. from Cornell University in 1973,
an M.B.A. from George Washington University in 1975, a J.D. from
the Washington College of Law, American University in 1979,
and an LL.M. from George Washington University School of Law in 1984.
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- KIMBERLY A. MOORE, Circuit Judge
- KIMBERLY A. MOORE was appointed by President
George W. Bush in 2006. Prior to her appointment,
Judge Moore was a Professor of Law from 2004-2006
and Associate Professor of Law from 2000 to 2004
at the George Mason University School of Law.
She was an Assistant Professor of Law at the University
of Maryland School of Law from 1999 to 2000. She served
both as an Assistant Professor of Law from 1997 to 1999
and the Associate Director of the Intellectual Property
Law Program from 1998 to 1999 at the Chicago-Kent College of Law.
Judge Moore clerked from 1995 to 1997 for the Honorable
Glenn L. Archer, Jr., Chief Judge of the United States
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and was an
Associate at Kirkland & Ellis from 1994 to 1995.
From 1988 to 1992, Judge Moore was employed in electrical
engineering with the Naval Surface Warfare Center.
Judge Moore received her B.S.E.E. in 1990, M.S.
in 1991, both from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, and her J.D. (cum laude) from
the Georgetown University Law Center in 1994.
Judge Moore has written and presented widely
on patent litigation. She co-authored a legal
casebook entitled Patent Litigation and Strategy
and served as the Editor of The Federal Circuit
Bar Journal from 1998 to 2006.
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Former Judges
- HOWARD T. MARKEY
- Former Chief Judge
Howard T. Markey died May 3, 2006. Read Chief Judge Michel's
tribute as it appeared in the
Legal Times, and his remarks at a
service held before Judge Markey's burial at Arlington National
Cemetery on June 23, 2006.
- WILSON COWEN
- Senior judge; born near Clifton, TX, December 20,
1905; son of John R. and Florence (McFadden) Cowen;
LL.B., University of Texas, 1928; married to Florence
Elizabeth Walker, April 18, 1930; children: Wilson
Walker and John Elwin; admitted to Texas bar in 1928;
private practice in Dalhart, TX, 1928–34;
county judge, Dallam County, TX, 1935–38; State
director for Texas, 1938–40, and regional
director, 1940–42, Farm Security
Administration, region XII; commissioner, U.S. Court
of Claims, 1942–43; assistant administrator,
War Food Administration, 1943–44; returned to
the Court of Claims as commissioner in 1945, and was
designated chief commissioner in 1959; nominated by
President Lyndon B. Johnson as chief judge, U.S.
Court of Claims, June 16, 1964, and assumed duties of
the office July 14, 1964; retired from active service
as chief judge, March 1, 1977, and assumed status as
senior judge; as of October 1, 1982, continued in
office as senior judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to §165,
Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, Public Law
97–164, 96 Stat. 50.; assumed the status of
inactive senior judge on August 1, 1997; died on October 28, 2007.
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